JAWS 3D Shark Gold Coin Steven Spielberg Autograph Americana Horror Amity Island

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Seller: anddownthewaterfall ✉️ (33,552) 99.8%, Location: Manchester, Take a Look at My Other Items, GB, Ships to: WORLDWIDE, Item: 364803299106 JAWS 3D Shark Gold Coin Steven Spielberg Autograph Americana Horror Amity Island. Jaws Coin 25th Anniversary 1975 - 2000 This Gold Plated Coin was minted in the year 2000 to commemorate the 25th Anniversary if the Film Jaws One side is a 3D Great White Shark and the other side has the poster from the film / book Also included is a card one side is an image of the director Steven Spielberg in the Sharks mouth which has his autograph printed onto the card. The other has Ray Schnieder star of the Jaws film with an image from the film  it has his signature printed on the card with the words "Smile you S.O.B" which is a quote from the film The dimensions of the irregular shaped coin is 5cm / 2" by 3 cm / 1.25"  It weights 13 grams or just under half an ounce In Excellent Condition Starting at a Penny...With No Reserve..If your the only bidder you win it for 1p....Grab a Bargain!!!! Sorry about the poor quality photos. They dont do the coin justice which looks a lot better in real life AII have a lot of Film Memrobilia on Ebay so why not >  Check out my other items ! Bid with Confidence - Check My almost 100% Positive Feedback from over 28,000 Satisfied Customers Most of My Auctions Start at a Penny and I always combine postage so please check out my other items !  I Specialise in Unique Fun Items So For that Interesting Conversational Piece, A Birthday Present, Christmas Gift, A Comical Item to Cheer Someone Up or That Unique Perfect Gift for the Person Who has Everything....You Know Where to Look for a Bargain! ### PLEASE DO NOT CLICK HERE ###  Be sure to add me to your favourites list ! If You Have any Questions Please Email Me at  [email removed by eBay]  and I Will Reply ASAP All Items Dispatched within 24 hours of Receiving Payment.

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Jaws Directed by Steven Spielberg (1) Jeannot Szwarc (2) Joe Alves (3) Joseph Sargent (4) Written by Peter Benchley (1) Carl Gottlieb (1–3) Howard Sackler (2) Richard Matheson (3) Guerdon Trueblood (3) Michael de Guzman (4) Based on Jaws by Peter Benchley Produced by Richard D. Zanuck (1–2) David Brown (1–2) Rupert Hitzig (3) Alan Landsburg (3) Joseph Sargent (4) Starring Roy Scheider (1–2) Robert Shaw (1) Richard Dreyfuss (1) Lorraine Gary (1–2, 4) Murray Hamilton (1–2) Joseph Mascolo (2) Jeffrey Kramer (1–2) Collin Wilcox (2) Dennis Quaid (3) Bess Armstrong (3) Simon MacCorkindale (3) Louis Gossett, Jr. (3) Lance Guest (4) Mario Van Peebles (4) Karen Young (4) Michael Caine (4) Cinematography Bill Butler (1) Michael Butler (2) James A. Contner (3) Chris Condon (3) Austin McKinney (3) John McPherson (4) Edited by Verna Fields (1) Steve Potter (2) Arthur Schmidt (2) Neil Travis (2) Corky Ehlers (3) Randy Roberts (3) Michael Brown (4) Music by John Williams (1–2) Alan Parker (3) Michael Small (4) Production companies 1–2: Zanuck/Brown Company Universal Pictures 3: Alan Landsburg Productions MCA Theatricals Universal Pictures 4: Universal Pictures Distributed by Universal Pictures Release date June 20, 1975 present Running time 478 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $80 million Box office $798.4 million Jaws is an American natural horror film series that started with a 1975 film that expanded into three sequels, a theme park ride, and other tie-in merchandise, based on a 1974 novel. The main subject of the saga is a great white shark, and its attacks on people in specific areas of the United States and The Bahamas. The Brody family is featured in all of the films as the primary antithesis to the shark. The original film was based on a novel written by Peter Benchley, which itself was inspired by the Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916. Benchley adapted his novel, along with help from Carl Gottlieb and Howard Sackler, into the 1975 film Jaws, which was directed by Steven Spielberg. Although Gottlieb went on to pen two of the three sequels, neither Benchley nor Spielberg returned to the film series in any capacity. The first film was regarded as a watershed film in motion picture history; it became the father of the summer blockbuster movies and one of the first "high-concept" films.[1][2] The film is also known for the introduction of John Williams' famous theme music, which was a simple alternating pattern of the E and F notes of a piano. Williams' musical score won an Academy Award. The film won two other Academy Awards, and was nominated for Best Picture. The success of Jaws led to three sequels, and the four films together have earned nearly $800 million worldwide in box office gross. The franchise has also seen the release of various soundtrack albums, additional novelizations based on the sequels, trading cards, inspired theme park rides at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Japan, multiple video games, and a musical that premiered in 2004. Although the first film was popular with critics when it was originally released, critical and commercial reception went downhill with each sequel. This reception has spread to the merchandise, with video games seen as poor imitations of the original concept. Nevertheless, the original 1975 film has generally been regarded as one of the greatest films ever, and frequently appears in the top 100 of various American Film Institute rankings. However, Benchley later regretted he ever wrote the original book considering it encouraged a widespread public fear of sharks, which led to massive culls resulting in the various shark species around the world becoming endangered. As such, he spent most of his life promoting the cause of ocean conservation. Background Peter Benchley had been thinking for years "about a story about a shark that attacks people and what would happen if it came in and wouldn't go away."[3] Doubleday editor Tom Congdon was interested in Benchley's idea of a novel about a great white shark terrorizing a beach resort.[4] After various revisions and rewrites, Benchley delivered his final draft in January 1973.[5] The title was not decided until shortly before the book went to print. Benchley says that he had spent months thinking of titles, many of which he calls "pretentious" such as The Stillness in the Water and Leviathan Rising. Benchley regarded other ideas, such as The Jaws of Death and The Jaws of Leviathan, as "melodramatic, weird, or pretentious."[3] According to Benchley, the novel still did not have a title until twenty minutes before production of the book.[3] The Book of the Month Club made the novel an "A book," qualifying it for its main selection, then the Reader's Digest also selected it. The publication date was moved back to allow a carefully orchestrated release. It was released first in hardcover in February 1974,[6] then in the book clubs, followed by a national campaign for the paperback release.[5] Bantam bought the paperback rights for $575,000.[6] Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown, film producers at Universal Pictures, heard about the book at identical times at different locations. Brown heard about it in the fiction department of Cosmopolitan, a lifestyle magazine then edited by his wife, Helen Gurley Brown. A small card gave a detailed description of the plot concluding with the comment "might make a good movie."[7] The producers each read it overnight and agreed that it was "the most exciting thing that they had ever read" and that, although they were unsure how they would accomplish it, they had to produce the film.[8] Brown says that had they read the book twice they would have never have made the film because of the difficulties in executing some of the sequences. However, he says that "we just loved the book. We thought it would make a very good movie."[7] Films Film U.S. release date Director(s) Screenwriter(s) Producer(s) Jaws June 20, 1975 Steven Spielberg Peter Benchley & Carl Gottlieb Richard D. Zanuck & David Brown Jaws 2 June 16, 1978 Jeannot Szwarc Carl Gottlieb & Howard Sackler Jaws 3-D July 22, 1983 Joe Alves Richard Matheson & Carl Gottlieb Rupert Hitzig & Alan Landsburg Jaws: The Revenge July 17, 1987 Joseph Sargent Michael de Guzman Joseph Sargent Jaws (1975) Main article: Jaws (film) The original Jaws, directed by Steven Spielberg, is based on Peter Benchley's novel of the same name. It tells the story of Police Chief Martin Brody (portrayed by Roy Scheider) of Amity Island (a fictional summer resort town), in his quest to protect beachgoers from a great white shark by closing the beach. This is overruled by the town council, headed by the mayor Larry Vaughan (Murray Hamilton) that wants the beach to remain open in order to sustain the local tourist economy. After several attacks, the police chief enlists the help of marine biologist Matt Hooper (Richard Dreyfuss) and a professional shark hunter Quint (Robert Shaw). The three voyage out onto the ocean in Quint's boat – the Orca. The shark kills Quint, but Brody manages to destroy it by shooting at the highly pressurized air tank that he has wedged in its mouth. In the end, Brody and Hooper are seen swimming away from the sinking Orca, having both of them managed to survive the shark attack on the boat uninjured. Jaws 2 (1978) Main article: Jaws 2 The first sequel, Jaws 2, depicts the same town four years after the events of the original film when another great white shark arrives on the shores of the fictional seaside resort of Amity Island. Directed by Jeannot Szwarc and starring Roy Scheider again as Police Chief Martin Brody, who, after a series of deaths and disappearances, suspects that the culprit is another shark. However, he has trouble convincing the town's selectmen. Once fired, he has to act alone to save a group of teenagers, including his two sons, who encounter the shark whilst out sailing. Brody then manages to kill the shark at Cable Junction upon pulling up one of the underwater cables. Jaws 3-D (1983) Main article: Jaws 3-D The plot of Jaws 3-D moves away from Amity Island to SeaWorld in Florida, a water themed-park with underwater tunnels and lagoons. As the park prepares to open, it is infiltrated by a baby great white shark which attacks and kills water-skiers and park employees. Once the baby shark is captured, it becomes apparent that a much larger shark, the mother, is present. The characters of Martin's sons from the first two films are developed further in this film: Michael Brody (Dennis Quaid) is the chief engineer of the park and his younger brother, Sean (John Putch), arrives at the resort to visit him. The events of the earlier films are implied through Sean's dislike of the water because of "something that happened when he was a kid." The events and character development from Jaws 3-D are independent from the rest of the series.[9] Jaws: The Revenge (1987) Main article: Jaws: The Revenge The fourth film, Jaws: The Revenge, sees the storyline returning to Amity Island, but ignores all plot elements introduced in Jaws 3-D. No mention is made to Michael's girlfriend from the previous film, Kathryn Morgan (Bess Armstrong), or his career change from an engineer at SeaWorld to a marine biologist. In fact, one of the Universal Studios press releases for Jaws: The Revenge omits Jaws 3-D entirely by referring to Jaws: The Revenge as the "third film of the remarkable Jaws trilogy."[9] By the start of the film, Martin Brody had died of a heart attack, although his wife, Ellen Brody (Lorraine Gary), claims that he died through fear of the shark. Her youngest son, Sean (Mitchell Anderson), now working as a police deputy in Amity, is dispatched to clear a log from a buoy. As he does so, he is attacked and killed by a shark. Ellen becomes convinced that a shark is deliberately victimizing her family for the deaths of the first two sharks. Michael (Lance Guest) convinces her to spend some time with his family in The Bahamas. However, as his job involves a lot of time on and in the sea, Ellen fears that he will be the shark's next victim. When her granddaughter, Thea (Judith Barsi), narrowly avoids being attacked by a shark, Ellen takes a boat in order to kill her family's alleged stalker. Hoagie (Michael Caine), Michael, and his friend Jake (Mario Van Peebles) find Ellen and then proceed to electrocute the shark, driving it out of the water and impaling it on the prow of Ellen's boat. Future In July 2018, Steven Spielberg expressed interest in a Jaws prequel film focusing on the 1945 sinking of the USS Indianapolis, featuring a younger version of Robert Shaw's Quint in a supporting capacity. In May 2020, Shaw's grandson Ferdia Shaw expressed interest in potentially portraying the young Quint in the future, should the film ever be produced.[10][11] Cast and crew List indicator(s) A dark gray cell indicates the character was not featured in the film. An A indicates an appearance through previously recorded material. Principal cast Characters Films Jaws Jaws 2 Jaws 3-D Jaws: The Revenge Chief Martin Brody Roy Scheider Roy ScheiderA[12] Ellen Brody Lorraine Gary Lorraine Gary Michael "Mike" Brody Chris Rebello[13] Mark Gruner[14] Dennis Quaid[15] Lance Guest[16] Sean Brody Jay Mello Marc Gilpin John Putch Mitchell Anderson Jay MelloA Mayor Larry Vaughn Murray Hamilton Mr. Posner Cyprian R. Dube Cyprian R. Dube[17] Deputy Jeff Hendricks Jeffrey Kramer Mrs. Taft Fritzi Jane Courtney[18] Fritzi Jane Courtney[19] Harry Wiseman Alfred Wilde Matt Hooper Richard Dreyfuss[20] Quint Robert Shaw[21] Harry Meadows Carl Gottlieb[22] Mrs. Kintner Lee Fierro[23] Lee Fierro[24] Polly Peggy Scott[25] Edna Billotto[26] Alex Kintner Jeffrey Voorhees[27] Chrissie Watkins Susan Backlinie[28] Leonard "Len" Peterson Joseph Mascolo Dr. Laureen Elkins Colin Wilcox Tina Wilcox Ann Dusenberry Eddie Marchand Gary Dubin Larry Vaughn Jr. David Elliott Tom Andrews Barry Coe Grace Witherspoon Susan French Andy Williams Gary Springer Jackie Peters Donna Wilkes Brooke Peters Gigi Vorgan Marge Martha Swatek Timmy Weldon G. Thomas Dunlop Doug Fetterman Keith Gordon Paul "Polo" Loman John Dukakis Bob Burnside Billy Van Zandt Patrick Ben Marley Lucy Cynthia Grover Kathryn "Kay" Morgan Bess Armstrong Kelly Anne Bukowski Lea Thompson Calvin Bouchard Louis Gossett Jr. Philip FitzRoyce Simon MacCorkindale Carla Brody Karen Young[29] Thea Brody Judith Barsi[30] Hoagie Newcombe Michael Caine[31] Jake Mario Van Peebles[32] Louisa Lynn Whitfield[33] Additional crew Role Film Jaws Jaws 2 Jaws 3-D Jaws: The Revenge 1975 1978 1983 1987 Director(s) Steven Spielberg Jeannot Szwarc Joe Alves Joseph Sargent Producer(s) Richard D. Zanuck David Brown Rupert Hitzig Alan Landsburg Writer(s) Peter Benchley Carl Gottlieb Carl Gottlieb Howard Sackler Screenplay by: Richard Matheson Carl Gottlieb Story by: Guerdon Trueblood Michael de Guzman Composer(s) John Williams Alan Parker Michael Small Cinematographer(s) Bill Butler Michael Butler James A. Contner Chris Condon Austin McKinney John McPherson Editor(s) Verna Fields Steve Potter Arthur Scmidt Neil Travis Corky Ehlers Randy Roberts Michael Brown Production company Zanuck/Brown Company Universal Pictures Alan Landsburg Productions MCA Theatricals Universal Pictures Universal Pictures Distributed by Universal Pictures Production Development Jaws (1975) Jaws shark at Universal Studios Florida. Zanuck and Brown had originally planned to hire John Sturges to direct the film, before considering Dick Richards.[34] However, they grew irritated by Richards' vision of continually calling the shark "the whale"; Richards was subsequently dropped from the project.[34] Zanuck and Brown then signed Spielberg in June 1973 to direct before the release of his first theatrical film, The Sugarland Express.[34] Spielberg wanted to take the novel's basic concept, removing Benchley's many subplots.[35] Zanuck, Brown and Spielberg removed the novel's adulterous affair between Ellen Brody and Matt Hooper because it would compromise the camaraderie between the men when they went out on the Orca.[7] Peter Benchley wrote three drafts of the screenplay before deciding to bow out of the project.[35] Tony and Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Howard Sackler happened to be in Los Angeles when the filmmakers began looking for another writer and offered to do an uncredited rewrite, and since the producers and Spielberg were unhappy with Benchley's drafts, they quickly accepted his offer.[36] Spielberg sent the script to Carl Gottlieb, asking for advice.[36] Gottlieb rewrote most scenes during principal photography, and John Milius contributed dialogue polishes. Spielberg has claimed that he prepared his own draft. The authorship of Quint's monologue about the fate of the cruiser USS Indianapolis has caused substantial controversy as to who deserves the most credit for the speech. Spielberg described it as a collaboration among John Milius, Howard Sackler, and actor Robert Shaw.[37] Gottlieb gives primary credit to Shaw, downplaying Milius' contribution.[38] Three mechanical sharks were made for the production: a full version for underwater shots, one that moved from the camera left to right (with its hidden side completely exposing the internal machinery), and an opposite model with its right flank uncovered.[35] Their construction was supervised by production designer Joe Alves and special effects artist Robert A. Mattey. After the sharks were completed, they were shipped to the shooting location, but had not been tested in water and when placed in the ocean the full model sank to the ocean floor, forcing a team of divers to retrieve it.[36] Location shooting occurred on the island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, chosen because the ocean had a sandy bottom while 12 miles (19 km) out at sea.[36] This helped the mechanical sharks to operate smoothly and still provide a realistic location. The film nonetheless had a notoriously troubled shoot and went considerably over budget. David Brown said that the budget "was $4 million and the picture wound up costing $9 million".[39] Shooting at sea led to many delays: unwanted sailboats drifted into frame, cameras were soaked, and the Orca once began to sink with the actors on board. The mechanical shark frequently malfunctioned, due to the hydraulic innards being corroded by salt water.[36] The three mechanical sharks were collectively nicknamed "Bruce" by the production team after Spielberg's lawyer.[40] To some degree, the delays in the production proved serendipitous. The script was refined during production, and the unreliable mechanical sharks forced Spielberg to shoot most of the scenes with the shark only hinted at. For example, for much of the shark hunt, its location is represented by the floating yellow barrels. Spielberg also included multiple shots of just the dorsal fin due to its ease of filming. This forced restraint is widely thought to have increased the suspense of these scenes, giving it a Hitchcockian tone.[41] The studio ordered a sequel early into the success of Jaws.[42] The success of The Godfather Part II and other sequels meant that the producers were under pressure to deliver a bigger and better shark. They realized that someone else would produce the film if they didn't, and they preferred to be in charge of the project themselves.[43] Spielberg declined to be involved in the sequel.[39][42] Jaws 2 (1978) Like the first film, the production of Jaws 2 was troubled. The original director, John D. Hancock, proved to be unsuitable for an action film and was replaced by Jeannot Szwarc.[42] Scheider, who only reprised his role to end a contractual issue with Universal,[44] was also unhappy during production and had several heated exchanges with Szwarc.[45][46] Martha's Vineyard was again used as the location for the town scenes. Although some residents guarded their privacy, many islanders welcomed the money that the company was bringing.[47] The majority of filming was at Navarre Beach, Florida, because of the warm weather and the water's depth being appropriate for the shark platform.[42] Like the first film, shooting on water proved challenging. After spending hours anchoring the sailboats, the wind would change as they were ready to shoot, blowing the sails in the wrong direction.[48] The corrosive effect of the saltwater damaged some equipment, including the metal parts in the sharks.[48] As with the first film, footage of real sharks filmed by Australian divers Ron and Valerie Taylor was used for movement shots that could not be convincingly achieved using the mechanical sharks.[42] The producers of the first two films originally pitched the second Jaws sequel as a spoof named Jaws 3, People 0.[42] National Lampoon writers John Hughes and Todd Carroll were commissioned to write a script.[49] The project was abandoned due to conflicts with Universal Studios.[49] Jaws 3-D (1983) Alan Landsburg and Rupert Hitzig produced the third film.[50] The second sequel capitalized upon the revived interest of 3-D film in the 1980s, amongst other horror films such as Friday the 13th Part III and Amityville 3-D that also made dual use of the number three.[51] As it was Joe Alves' first film as director, having been the production designer for the first two films, he thought that 3-D would "give him an edge".[51] Cinema audiences could wear disposable cardboard polarized glasses to create the illusion that elements penetrate the screen.[52] Richard Matheson worked on the story and script, although many of his contributions were unused: the writer is unhappy with the finished film.[53] Carl Gottlieb, who had also revised the screenplays for the first two Jaws films, was credited for the script alongside Matheson.[54] Jaws: The Revenge (1987) Joseph Sargent produced and directed the fourth film in the series. Jaws: The Revenge was filmed on location in New England and in the Caribbean, and completed on the Universal lot. Like the first two films of the series, Martha's Vineyard was the location of the fictional Amity Island for the opening scenes of the film.[55] Principal photography moved to Nassau in The Bahamas, but the location did not offer the "perfect world" that the 38-day shoot required. The cast and crew encountered many problems with varying weather conditions.[55] Reception Box office performance Film U.S. release date Box office revenue Reference United States International Worldwide Jaws June 20, 1975 $260,758,300 $210,653,000 $471,411,300 [56] Jaws 2 June 16, 1978 $81,766,007 $106,118,000 $187,884,007 [57] Jaws 3-D July 22, 1983 $45,517,055 $42,470,000 $87,987,055 [58] Jaws: The Revenge July 17, 1987 $20,763,013 $31,118,000 $51,881,013 [59] Total $408,804,375 $390,359,000 $799,163,375 Jaws was the first film to use "wide release" as a distribution pattern. As such, it is an important film in the history of film distribution and marketing.[60] Prior to the release of Jaws, films typically opened slowly, usually in a few theaters in major cities, which allowed for a series of "premieres." As the success of a film increased, and word of mouth grew, distributors would forward the prints to additional cities across the country.[61] The film became the first to use extensive television advertising.[62] Universal executive Sidney Sheinberg's rationale was that nationwide marketing costs would be amortized at a more favorable rate per print than if a slow, scaled release were carried out. Scheinberg's gamble paid off, with Jaws becoming a box office smash hit and the father of the summer blockbuster.[63][64] When Jaws was released on June 20, 1975, it opened at 464 theaters.[65] The release was subsequently expanded on July 25 to a total of 675 theaters, the largest simultaneous distribution of a film in motion picture history at the time. During the first weekend of wide release, Jaws grossed more than $7 million, and was the top grosser for the following five weeks.[66] During its run in theaters, the film became the first to reach more than $100 million in U.S. box office receipts.[62][67] Jaws eventually grossed more than $470 million worldwide ($1.9 billion in 2010 dollars[68]) and was the highest grossing box office film until Star Wars debuted two years later.[69][70] Jaws 2 was the most expensive film that Universal had produced up until that point, costing the studio almost $30 million.[43] According to David Brown, the film made 40% gross of the original. This was attractive to the studio because it reduced market risk.[42] The film became the highest-grossing sequel in history, succeeded by the release of Rocky II in 1979. It opened in 640 theaters, making $9,866,023 in its opening weekend.[71] The final domestic gross for Jaws 2 was $102,922,376, making it the sixth highest domestic grossing film of 1978.[72] Jaws 2 grossed $208 million worldwide. Jaws 3-D grossed $13,422,500 on its opening weekend,[73] playing at 1,311 theaters at its widest release. It had achieved a total lifetime worldwide gross of $87,987,055.[74] Despite being #1 at the box office, this illustrates the series' diminishing returns, since Jaws 3-D has earned nearly $100,000,000 less than the total lifetime gross of its predecessor[75] and $300,000,000 less than the original film.[76] The third sequel would attract an even lower income, with around two thirds of Jaws 3-D's total lifetime gross.[77] Jaws: The Revenge received largely negative reviews from critics, and earned the lowest amount of money from the series. It is considered one of the worst movies ever made. Even though the film was still considered a commercial failure, it was able to cover costs (an estimated US$23 million) with a worldwide box office take of $51,881,013.[78] The film, though, continued the series' diminishing returns. It only grossed $7,154,890 in its opening weekend, when it opened at 1,606 screens.[79] This was around $5 million less than its predecessor.[74] It had also achieved the lowest total lifetime gross of the series.[76][80] Jaws, when compared to other top-grossing American horror franchises—Alien vs. Predator, Candyman, Child's Play, The Conjuring, The Exorcist, The Evil Dead, Final Destination, Friday the 13th, Godzilla, Halloween, Hannibal Lecter, Hellraiser, I Know What You Did Last Summer, A Nightmare on Elm Street, The Omen, Paranormal Activity, Psycho, The Purge, Saw, Scream, and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre—is one of the highest grossing horror film franchises in North America. Critical and public response Film Critical Public Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic CinemaScore Jaws 98% (90 reviews)[81] 87%[82] N/A Jaws 2 61% (30 reviews)[83] 51%[84] N/A Jaws 3-D 12% (34 reviews)[85] 27%[86] N/A Jaws: The Revenge 0% (38 reviews)[87] 15%[88] C-[89] Jaws is regarded as a watershed film in motion picture history, the father of the summer blockbuster movie and one of the first "high concept" films.[2][90] Due to the film's success in advance screenings, studio executives decided to distribute it in a much wider release than ever before. The Omen followed suit in the summer of 1976 and then Star Wars one year later in 1977, cementing the notion for movie studios to distribute their big-release action and adventure pictures (commonly referred to as tentpole pictures) during the summer. Jaws is widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time. Jaws was number 48 on American Film Institute's 100 Years... 100 Movies, a list of the greatest American films of all time, dropping down to number 56 on the 10 Year Anniversary list. It was ranked second on a similar list for thrillers, 100 Years... 100 Thrills. The sequels are not held in such high regard. Many reviewers criticized Jaws 2 director Jeannot Szwarc for showing more of the shark than the first film had, reducing the Hitchcockian notion "that the greatest suspense derives from the unseen and the unknown, and that the imagination is capable of conceiving far worse than the materialization of a mere mechanical monster."[91] The performances of Scheider, Gary, and Hamilton in Jaws 2 were praised.[92] However, the teenagers, who are "irritating and incessantly screaming... don't make for very sympathetic victims."[93] Reception for Jaws 3-D was generally poor. Variety calls it "tepid" and suggests that Alves "fails to linger long enough on the Great White."[94] On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 12% based on reviews from 34 critics.[85] The 3-D was criticized as being a gimmick to attract audiences to the aging series[95] and for being ineffective.[96] Derek Winnert says that "with Richard Matheson's name on the script you'd expect a better yarn" although he continues to say that the film "is entirely watchable with a big pack of popcorn."[97] Jaws: The Revenge attracted the poorest critical reception of the series and was nominated for Worst Picture in the 1987 Golden Raspberry Awards. It was rated by Entertainment Weekly as one of "The 25 Worst Sequels Ever Made."[98] Roger Ebert said that it "is not simply a bad movie, but also a stupid and incompetent one." He lists several elements that he finds unbelievable including that Ellen is "haunted by flashbacks to events where she was not present." Ebert also laments that Michael Caine could not attend the ceremony to collect his Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor earned for Hannah and Her Sisters because of his shooting commitments on this film.[99] In an era in which documentaries were attempting responsible, accurate reporting about the natural world, ecocriticism says that Hollywood continued to produce films that exploited the fear of animals.[100] Scholar Greg Garrard cites David Ingram's suggestion that the Jaws series "represents a backlash against conservationist ideas in which an 'evil, threatening nature is eventually mastered through male heroism, technology and the blood sacrifice of the wild animal.'"[101][102] Greg Garrard observes in Jaws: The Revenge that "the marine biologist Mike Brody's environmentalist concerns are effectively ridiculed as his colleague is eaten by the enraged fish; he joins the hunt for it and the shark in turn hunts him down."[100] Music Soundtracks Title U.S. release date Length Composer(s) Label Jaws: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack 1975 35:12 John Williams MCA Records Jaws 2: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack 1978 41:19 (original release), 101:48 (expansion) John Williams MCA Records Jaws 3-D: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack 1983 35:43 Alan Parker MCA Records Jaws: The Revenge (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) 1987 27:20 (promotional), 51:13 (commercial) Michael Small MCA Records John Williams composed and conducted the score for the first two films. The main "shark" theme, a simple alternating pattern of two notes, E and F,[103] became a classic piece of suspense music, synonymous with approaching danger. Williams described the theme as having the "effect of grinding away at you, just as a shark would do, instinctual, relentless, unstoppable."[104] When the piece was first played for Spielberg, he was said to have laughed at Williams, thinking that it was a joke. Spielberg later said that without Williams' score the film would have been only half as successful, and Williams acknowledges that the score jumpstarted his career.[36] Williams won an Academy Award for Original Music Score for his work on the first film.[105] The shark theme is used in all three sequels, a continuity that Williams compares to "the great tradition" for repeating musical themes in Hollywood serials such as Roy Rogers and The Lone Ranger.[105] Alan Parker composed and conducted the score for Jaws 3-D, while the final film was scored by Michael Small. The latter was particularly praised for his work, which many critics considered superior to the film.[106][107] Other media Unofficial sequels and rip-offs Many films based on man-eating animals & monsters (usually aquatic) were released throughout the 1970s and the 1980s such as: Son of Blob (also known as Beware! The Blob), Grizzly, Mako: The Jaws of Death, Death Bed: The Bed That Eats, Day of the Animals, Claws, Orca (also known as Orca: The Killer Whale), Eaten Alive, The Pack, Snowbeast, Piranha II: The Spawning, Barracuda, Nightwing, Up from the Depths, Humanoids from the Deep (also known as Monster), Alligator, Blood Beach, Creature, the Italian-American Tentacles, the Mexican Tintorera (also known as Tintorera: Killer Shark), the French-Italian Killer Fish, the Italian Monster Shark (also known as Devil Fish), Snakes on a Plane, and the Japanese Jaws in Japan (also known as Psycho Shark). The better of these are often considered to be Piranha,[108] as a rip-off, Deep Blood and Great White (also known as The Last Shark), as an unofficial sequel.[109] In 1995, there was also another sequel/rip-off film Cruel Jaws a.k.a. The Beast, which was marketed in some countries as Jaws 5: Cruel Jaws became infamous for illegally incorporated stock footage from the first three official Jaws films into its runtime. In 2021, a brand new spin-off was released by Unknown World Pictures Tv and directed by portuguese director Rui Constantino by the name of Tubarão O Regresso aka Jaws Returns its a tribute movie to the Jaws Franchise and his receiving positive feedback from the fans. Documentaries The Shark is Still Working, is a feature-length documentary film on the impact and legacy of the 1975 Steven Spielberg blockbuster film Jaws. It features interviews with a range of cast and crew from the film. It was narrated by the late Roy Scheider and dedicated to the late Peter Benchley. The documentary was produced by Jaws fans over a seven-year period, building on Laurent Bouzereau's 1995 documentary, The Making of Jaws, that has been included on some laserdisc and DVD releases. Throughout other documentaries over the years, such as Bouzereau's and the BBC's 1997 documentary In the Teeth of Jaws, actor Richard Dreyfuss has recounted tales about the troubled production of Jaws and the quote “The shark is NOT working” which Dreyfuss would hear constantly from members of the crew. Eventually, upon successful attempts to fix the malfunctioning sea monster, Dreyfuss would regularly hear the quote “The shark is working." The Shark Is Still Working won Best Documentary Feature at the 2010 DocMiami Film Festival. The documentary was released on home video as a special feature on the 2012 Blu-ray edition of Jaws. Some of the interviews were filmed in 4:3 Academy ratio, typical of TV documentaries of the time. As the production went on, 16:9 became the TV shape standard and so the documentary crops the top and bottom of the image to reshape it to 16:9. There is no anamorphic enhancement of the documentary on the Jaws Blu-ray. Toys and merchandise A small selection of merchandise from Jaws 2. Universal "devised and co-ordinated a highly innovative plan" for the first film's distribution and exhibition.[60] The studio and publisher Bantam designed a logo which would appear on both the paperback and on all film advertising. "Both publisher and distributor recognized the mutual benefits that a joint promotion strategy would bring."[60] Producers Zanuck and Brown toured six cities to promote the paperback and the film.[60] Once the film was released, more merchandising was created, including shark-illustrated swimming towels and T-shirts, plastic shark fins for swimmers to wear, and shark-shaped inflatables for them to float on. The Ideal Toy Company produced a game where the player had to use a hook to fish out items from the shark's mouth before the jaws closed.[110] Carl Gottlieb’s 1975 book, The Jaws Log, account of the film's production was also released. Jaws 2 inspired much more merchandising and sponsors than the first film. Products included sets of trading cards from Topps and Baker's bread, paper cups from Coca-Cola, beach towels, a souvenir program, shark tooth necklaces, coloring and activity books, and a model kit of Brody's truck.[92] A novelization by Hank Searls, based on an earlier draft of the screenplay by Howard Sackler and Dorothy Tristan, was released, as well as Ray Loynd's The Jaws 2 Log, an account of the film's production.[92] Searls also wrote the novelization of Jaws: The Revenge based on an earlier draft of the screenplay by Michael De Guzman. Video games There have been a number of video game releases based upon the franchise. The first, titled Jaws, was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1987.[111] There was a separate computer adaptation of the original Jaws movie called Jaws: The Computer Game, released in 1989 by Screen 7 for the Commodore Amiga and other computers;[112] another unrelated Jaws for the Commodore 64 and other computers was released by Box Office Software the same year.[113] A Jaws level was featured in the 2001 game Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure by Kemco for the Nintendo Gamecube. Jaws Unleashed, developed by Appaloosa Interactive, was released in 2006 for the PlayStation 2, Xbox and PC platforms.[114] An officially licensed iPhone game based on the original film was released by Bytemark Games and Universal Partnerships & Licensing in 2010,[115] while in 2011 Universal licensed a follow-up game (in the form of an App) called Jaws Revenge. This game was made by Fuse Powered Inc.[116] A game titled Jaws: Ultimate Predator was released on the Wii and Nintendo 3DS in 2011. A virtual pinball game from Zen Studios for Pinball FX 3 was released as well.[117] A mobile game titled Jaws.io was released on February 14, 2019 for iPhone and Android devices and was published by Universal Studios Interactive Entertainment LLC.[118][119] Jaws 19 Jaws 19 was a joke movie that is shown being advertised in the 1989 film Back to the Future Part II. Set in 2015, a movie theatre in Hill Valley features a huge holographic poster of Jaws 19, by "Max Spielberg" (the name of Steven Spielberg's real-life son) that "swallows" Marty McFly. In 2015, Universal made a poster and trailer for the fictional movie that came with the Back to the Future 30th Anniversary Box-Set.[120][121] On 16 September 2015 the fan film named Jaws 19 was released in Russia.[122] References Notes  "Rise of the blockbuster". BBC News Online. 2001-11-16. 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Play now: http://bit.ly/2Sg9CdO #Jaws #TheOrca #StevenSpielbergpic.twitter.com/JwXaDJkhF5". @amblin. Retrieved 2019-11-01. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)  Trumbore, Dave (5 October 2015). "Watch the 'Jaws 19' Trailer and Enjoy a Pepsi Perfect". Collider.com. Complex Media, Inc. Retrieved 3 January 2019.  Jaws 19 Trailer YouTube  Jaws 19 IMDb Bibliography Andrews, Nigel (1999). Nigel Andrews on Jaws. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-7475-3975-8. Baxter, John (1997). Steven Spielberg: The Unauthorised Biography. London: Harper Collins. ISBN 0-00-638444-7. Brode, Douglas (1995). The Films of Steven Spielberg. New York: Carol Publishing. ISBN 0806519517. Friedman, Lester D. (2006). Citizen Spielberg. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-07358-4. Garrard, Greg (2004). Ecocriticism. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-19692-2. Gottlieb, Carl (2005). The Jaws Log. New York: Newmarket Press. ISBN 0-571-20949-1. Hayes, R. M. (1998). 3-D movies: a history and filmography of stereoscopic cinema. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0578-3. Ingram, David (2002). Green Screen: Environmentalism and Hollywood Cinema. Exeter: Exeter University Press. ISBN 0-85989-608-0. Jackson, Kathi (2007). Steven Spielberg: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33796-3. Kachmar, Diane C. (2002). Roy Scheider: a film biography. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1201-1. Kochberg, Searle (1996). "Institutions, audiences and technology". In Nelmes, Jill (ed.). An Introduction to Film Studies. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-10860-8. Loynd, Ray (1978). The Jaws 2 Log. London: W.H. Allen. ISBN 0-426-18868-3. McBride, Joseph (1999). Steven Spielberg: A Biography. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80900-1. McGee, Mark Thomas (2001). Beyond Ballyhoo: Motion Picture Promotion and Gimmicks. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1114-7. Morris, George (August 1978). "With Its Teeth, Dear". Texas Monthly. Emmis Communications. 6 (8). Morris, Nigel (2007). The Cinema of Steven Spielberg: Empire of Light. Wallflower Press. ISBN 978-1-904764-88-5. Priggé, Steven (2004). Movie Moguls Speak: Interviews with Top Film Producers. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1929-6. Sinyard, Neil (1989). The Films of Steven Spielberg. Hamlyn Bison. ISBN 0-600-55226-8. Weaver, Tom (2006). Science Fiction Stars and Horror Heroes: Interviews with Actors, Directors, Producers and Writers of the 1940s Through 1960s. McFarland. p. 318. ISBN 0-7864-2857-0. Winnert, Derek (1993). Radio Times Film & Video Guide 1994. London: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-57477-1. Wyatt, Justin (1994). High Concept: Movies and Marketing in Hollywood. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-79091-0. Zone, Ray (2005). 3-D filmmakers: Conversations with creators of stereoscopic motion pictures. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-5437-6. External links Film portal icon Speculative fiction/Horror portal Jaws vte Jaws Peter BenchleySteven SpielbergJeannot SzwarcJoe AlvesJoseph Sargent Films Jaws (1975)Jaws 2 (1978)Jaws 3-D (1983)Jaws: The Revenge (1987) Novel Jaws (1974) Video games Shark JawsJawsJaws UnleashedJaws.io Miscellaneous SoundtrackThe Shark Is Still WorkingRideThe Game of JawsJersey Shore shark attacks of 19161945 sinking of the USS IndianapolisUniversal Studios Theme Parks AdventureFrank MundusThe Shark is Broken  Category Categories: 1975 filmsEnglish-language filmsJaws (franchise)Horror film franchisesUniversal Pictures franchisesAmerican film seriesFilm series introduced in 1975Action film franchisesFilms based on works by Peter Benchley shark, any of numerous species of cartilaginous fishes of predatory habit that constitute the order Selachii (class Chondrichthyes). bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) Bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) inhabit tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide. Bob Abrams—Bruce Coleman Inc. Sharks, together with rays and skates, make up the subclass Elasmobranchii of the Chondrichthyes. Sharks differ from other elasmobranchs, however, and resemble ordinary fishes, in the fusiform shape of their body and in the location of their gill clefts on each side of the head. Though there are exceptions, sharks typically have a tough skin that is dull gray in colour and is roughened by toothlike scales. They also usually have a muscular, asymmetrical, upturned tail; pointed fins; and a pointed snout extending forward and over a crescentic mouth set with sharp triangular teeth. Sharks have no swim bladder and must swim perpetually to keep from sinking to the bottom. Spotted hyena or laughing hyena  (Crocuta crocuta), South Africa. (scavenger; African animal, mammal). BRITANNICA QUIZ Weird Animals Quiz Why does your cat hate water? Why do flamingoes stand on one leg? Test your knowledge of some of the weirdest facts in the animal kingdom with this quiz. There are more than 400 living species of sharks, taxonomically grouped into 14–30 families, according to different authorities. Several larger species can be dangerous to humans. Numerous sharks are fished commercially. However, overfishing in the late 20th and early 21st centuries substantially reduced the populations of some shark species. smooth dogfish smooth dogfish Smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis). George Whiteley—The National Audubon Society Collection/Photo Researchers hammerhead shark hammerhead shark Hammerhead shark. imageBROKER/REX/Shutterstock.com Description and habits Observe blacktip and lemon sharks at a shark nursery in French Polynesia and scientists studying on lemon sharks Observe blacktip and lemon sharks at a shark nursery in French Polynesia and scientists studying on lemon sharks A shark nursery in French Polynesia is home to blacktip and lemon sharks. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz See all videos for this article Shark species are nondescript in colour, varying from gray to cream, brown, yellow, slate, or blue and often patterned with spots, bands, marblings, or protuberances. The oddest-looking sharks are the hammerheads (Sphyrna), whose heads resemble double-headed hammers and have an eye on each stalk, and the wobbegongs (family Orectolobidae), whose skin flaps and protective coloration closely resemble the seafloor. The vernacular of shark names indicate colours in living species, such as the blue (Prionace glauca), the white (Carcharodon carcharias; also known as the great white shark), and the lemon (Negaprion brevirostris) shark. sand shark sand shark Sand shark (Odontaspis). Grant Heilman/Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Learn about the description, behavior, and habitat preference of different species of sharks Learn about the description, behavior, and habitat preference of different species of sharks Overview of several shark species, including the lemon, tiger, and hammerhead sharks. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz See all videos for this article The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) and the basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus), both of which may weigh several tons, are harmless giants that subsist on plankton strained from the sea through modified gill rakers. Whale sharks may grow up to 18 metres (59 feet) in length, whereas basking sharks may reach 14 metres (46 feet) fully grown. All other sharks prey on smaller sharks, fish, squid, octopuses, shellfish, other invertebrates, and, in some species, trash. The largest among the more predatory species is the voracious 6-metre (20-foot) white shark, which attacks seals, dolphins, sea turtles, large fish, and occasionally people. The more sluggish Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) of cold deep waters feeds on seals, large fish, and even swimming reindeer; they may also scavenge whale carcasses. whale shark whale shark The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is the largest of all fish. © Jeffrey L. Rotman Explore the versatile underwater landscape of the Pacific coral reefs that are home to the blacktip reef sharks, gray reef sharks, and nurse sharks Explore the versatile underwater landscape of the Pacific coral reefs that are home to the blacktip reef sharks, gray reef sharks, and nurse sharks Overview of various Pacific coral reef sharks, notably the blacktip reef shark, gray reef shark, and nurse shark. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz See all videos for this article Normally, sharks feed on fish, often attacking in schools. Open-ocean species such as the mackerel (Lamna), mako (Isurus), and thresher (Alopias) sharks frequently feed near the surface and are much sought after with rod and reel for sport. Beautifully streamlined and powerful swimmers, those open-ocean sharks are adept at feeding on fast tuna, marlin, and the like. Bottom-feeding species of sharks are stout, blunt-headed forms that tend to have more-sluggish habits. The shellfish eaters among them have coarse, pavementlike, crushing teeth. Know about the habitat and mating behavior of grey reef shark Know about the habitat and mating behavior of grey reef shark Learn about the grey (or gray) reef shark, including its mating behaviours. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz See all videos for this article Fertilization in sharks is internal. The male introduces sperm into the female by using special copulatory organs (claspers) derived from the pelvic fins. The young in many species hatch from eggs within the female and are born alive. Other species may lay eggs or nurture their young in the uterus with a placental attachment to the mother, like humans. Some species may even consume their siblings before they are born. Study the life cycle and fossilization of Carcharocles megalodon from the Miocene and Pliocene epochs Study the life cycle and fossilization of Carcharocles megalodon from the Miocene and Pliocene epochs The natural history of the megalodon (Carcharocles megalodon), a gigantic predatory shark that plied tropical and temperate seas during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. See all videos for this article The origin of sharks is obscure, but their geologic record goes back at least to the Devonian Period (419.2 million to 358.9 million years ago). Fossil sharklike fish appeared in the Middle Devonian Epoch and became the dominant vertebrates of the Carboniferous Period (358.9 million to 298.9 million years ago). Modern sharks appeared in the Early Jurassic Epoch (201.3 million to 174.1 million years ago) and by the Cretaceous Period (145 million to 66 million years ago) had expanded into the present-day families. Overall, evolution has modified shark morphology very little except to improve their feeding and swimming mechanisms. Shark teeth are highly diagnostic of species, both fossil and modern. Sharks’ geographic ranges are not well known. Their extensive movements are related to reproductive or feeding activities or to seasonal environmental changes. Tagging returns from large sharks on the east coast of the United States indicate regular movements between New Jersey and Florida, and blue sharks have been recovered after crossing the southern Atlantic Ocean. A tagged spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) was recovered after traveling about 1,600 km (1,000 miles) in 129 days. Advances in tracking technologies include the use of satellite tags that continuously beam a signal to orbiting satellites whenever the shark surfaces and in that manner reveal north-south movements, transoceanic movements, and roaming and migratory patterns that are beginning to be understood for many species. Some members of the Carcharhinus genus—most notably the bull shark (C. leucas)—enter fresh waters. Riverine sharks are small to medium-sized and are exceptionally voracious and bold. Shark behaviour Information on shark ecology and individual and group actions has provided increased insight into their behaviour. Because large sharks feed on lesser ones, the habit of segregation by size appears vital to their survival. In a uniform grouping, dominance between various species is apparent in feeding competition, suggesting a definite nipping order. All sharks keep clear of hammerheads, whose maneuverability enhanced by the rudder effect of the head gives them a swimming advantage over other sharks. Sharks circle their prey, disconcertingly appearing seemingly out of nowhere and frequently approaching from below. Feeding behaviour is stimulated by numbers and rapid swimming when three or more sharks appear in the presence of food. Activity progresses from tight circling to rapid crisscross passes. Under strong feeding stimuli, excitement can intensify into a sensory overload that may result in cannibalistic feeding, or “shark frenzy,” in which injured sharks, regardless of size, are devoured. Sharks may abstain from food for long periods, and in captivity they may refuse to feed. Feeding is inhibited in large males during courtship and in gravid females while on the nursery grounds. Areas selected for giving birth are usually free of large sharks. In locating food, the shark primarily uses the chemical senses, particularly the olfactory. Visual acuity is adapted to close and long-range location and to distinguishing moving objects more by reflection than by colour, in either dim or bright light. Pit organs over the body serve as distance touch receptors, responding to displacement produced by sound waves. Irregularly pulsed signals below 800 hertz will bring sharks rapidly to a given point, suggesting acoustic orientation from considerable distances (see mechanoreception: Ampullary lateral-line organs [electroreceptors]). In addition, electroreception, the ability to detect minute electrical activities, works effectively at short distances in sharks. Electroreception may be the last sensory system used to direct sharks toward live prey just before they capture it. Feeding habits vary with foraging methods and dentition. Sharks with teeth adapted to shearing and sawing are aided in biting by body motions including a rotation of the body, twisting movement of the head and body, or rapid vibration of the head. In coming to position, the shark protrudes its jaws, erecting and locking the teeth in position. Hazards to humans In Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and elsewhere along coasts where sharks are considered a nuisance or pose a threat to humans, public beaches often have lookout towers, bells and sirens, or nets. Since 1937, meshing has been employed off Australian beaches to catch sharks, using gill nets suspended between buoys and anchors, parallel to the beach and beyond the breaker line. The nets enmesh sharks from any direction, and, though touching neither the surface nor the bottom and spaced well apart, the nets give simple effective control. Watch how researchers reveal the secrets of the great white shark, their habits and natural history through tracking devices attached on the skin of the animals Watch how researchers reveal the secrets of the great white shark, their habits and natural history through tracking devices attached on the skin of the animals White sharks have been neither bred nor raised in captivity, and, thus, what biologists know about their habits and natural history has come only from direct observation in the wild. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz See all videos for this article The most-feared species is the white shark, whose erratic presence in American coastal waters is associated with infrequent attacks along the California coast and elsewhere. Other sharks involved in attacks on humans are the tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier), bull, oceanic whitetip (C. longimanus), blue, and hammerhead. Of course, the larger the shark, the more formidable the attack, but several small specimens can be hazardous as well, a fact well attested to by seasonal attacks off the southeastern coast of the United States. White shark (Carcharodon carcharias) White shark (Carcharodon carcharias) White shark (Carcharodon carcharias) populations are frequently centred in highly productive temperate coastal waters (that is, waters characterized by an abundance of fishes and marine mammals). © Jeffrey L. Rotman Not all encounters with sharks can be characterized as “attacks.” Studies have suggested that a more accurate method of reporting incidents involving sharks and humans would place the encounters into one of four categories, rather than calling every encounter an attack. Such categories could include: Shark sightings Shark encounters in which there is no bite but that may involve contact with a kayak, surfboard, or other object Shark bites resulting in nonfatal injuries Fatal shark bites Attacks on humans occur when sharks are hungry, harassed, or, in some cases, defending territory, though many interactions with humans appear more likely to be due to mistaken identity. Provocation is heightened by the kicking or thrashing vibrations people make in the water (which to sharks resemble the irregular movements of a wounded fish), the presence of speared fish or bait in the water, or the presence of blood from wounds or menstruation. Most injuries occur on the lower limbs and buttocks. It has been estimated that there are about 100 shark attacks worldwide per year. Less than 25 percent of those are fatal, largely a result of hemorrhage and shock. It should be noted, however, that shark attacks are much less frequent than other aquatic mishaps. Shark finning Among the threats from humans that sharks face is finning, the practice of harvesting the lateral and dorsal fins and the lower tail fin from a shark by commercial fishing operations and others worldwide. After the shark has been captured and its fins have been removed, its body, which is most likely still alive, is often cast overboard to save weight and cargo space. The practice is thought to have arisen in China about 1000 CE primarily for the purpose of supplying fins for shark fin soup served to guests at social occasions where the dish is symbolic of the host’s status. Although most shark fin products are traded through Hong Kong, some are sent to local markets around the world that supply restaurants. The yearly global demand for shark fin soup results in the harvesting of tens of millions of sharks each year. Campaigns led by animal rights groups and environmentalists have discouraged the consumption of shark fin soup. Since 2011, some restaurants around the world have removed the soup from their menus, and, beginning in 2012, it was no longer served at official state functions in China.
  • Condition: New
  • Time Period Manufactured: 2000-2009
  • Animal Species: Shark
  • Series: Jaws
  • Collection: Jaws
  • Vintage: No
  • Professional Grader: Action Figure Authority (AFA)
  • Personalised: No
  • Material: Metal
  • TV Show: Jaws
  • Film: Jaws
  • Colour: Gold
  • Scale: 7:40
  • Year Manufactured: 1996
  • Grade: 100
  • Sport: Swimming
  • Model: Jaws
  • Product Line: Soda
  • Character: Jaws
  • Vehicle Type: Boat
  • Franchise: Jaws
  • Animation Studio: Disney
  • Brand: Animal Planet
  • Featured Person/Artist: Jaws
  • Original/Licensed Reproduction: Original
  • Convention/Event: World Science Fiction Convention
  • Theme: Adventure
  • Type: Action Figure
  • Items Included: Shark

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