Medal Tribute To Woodrow Wilson 28e President United States USA c1920 2 13/32in

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Seller: artistic.medal ✉️ (4,942) 100%, Location: Strasbourg, FR, Ships to: WORLDWIDE, Item: 176306632340 Medal Tribute To Woodrow Wilson 28e President United States USA c1920 2 13/32in. 236- tir95 Bronze medal from the Paris Mint (cornucopia hallmark from 1880). Minted around 1920. Some traces of friction and handling. Engraver / Artist / Sculptor : Léon DESCHAMPS (1860-1928). Dimensions : 61mm. Weight : 90 g. Metal : bronze. Hallmark on the edge (mark on the edge)  : cornucopia + bronze. Quick and neat delivery. The stand is not for sale. The support is not for sale. Thomas Woodrow Wilson, born in Staunton (Virginia) on December 28, 1856 and died in Washington, DC on February 3, 1924, is the twenty-eighth president of the United States. He was elected for two consecutive terms from 1913 to 1921. His presidency marks a major turning point in American diplomacy by putting an end to almost a century of isolationism to open up to an interventionist policy still in progress a century later. He launched the idea of ​​an international cooperation body, the League of Nations, which the United States would never join. The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to him in 1919. Biography Childhood Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born on December 28, 1856 in Staunton, Virginia. His father was a pastor in the Presbyterian Church in the United States, and young Woodrow received an education strongly imbued with these beliefs; he is also marked by his memories of the Civil War and the disasters it brought. University At 19, he entered PRINCETON University and then began studying law. He set up as a lawyer but after a year he returned to his studies and turned to history and political science. He presented his doctoral thesis at the age of 30; an analysis in favor of greater executive power within central government which became a classic of political science studies. Influenced by British theorists like Edmond Burke, Wilson was a liberal nostalgic for the democratic purity of the early years of the Republic. He is planning a career as a history teacher but dreams of getting involved in politics. In 1902, he became president of PRINCETON University and embarked on a vast reform of the education system. Wilson is then one of the outstanding personalities of the American intellectual elites, a specialist in the political functioning of the United States1. Private life In 1883, Wilson fell in love with Ellen Louise Axson, the daughter of a Presbyterian minister in Savannah, Georgia. He proposed marriage to her in September 1883; she accepts, but they postpone the marriage until Wilson finishes graduate school. Their first child, Margaret, was born in April 1886, and their second, Jessie, in August 1887; their third and last child, Eleanor, in October 1889. In 1913, Jessie married Francis Bowes Sayre Sr., who would later serve as governor general of the Philippines. In 1914, Eleanor married William Gibbs McAdoo, Secretary of the Treasury under President Wilson and later a Senator from California. Ellen's health declined after her husband's election to the presidency, and doctors diagnosed her with Bright's disease in July 1914. She died on August 6, 1914. Wilson is deeply affected by the death of his wife, to the point of depression. On Mars 18, 1915, he met Edith Bolling Galt at a tea party at the White House. After several meetings, he fell in love with her and proposed to her in May 1915. Edith Galt initially rejected him, but Wilson was not discouraged and they became engaged in September 1915, then married on December 18, 1915. In October 1919, Wilson suffered a debilitating stroke. Edith Wilson becomes, with the complicity of Doctor Cary T. Grayson, an intermediary between the president and his cabinet, while Wilson remains disabled and does not leave his room; this lasts until the president begins to partially recover4. The question of Edith Wilson's real influence remains raised among historians despite her attempts to downplay her role5. Political commitment The Democratic Party, with which he had been close since the 1890s,1 contacted him in 1910 and presented him as a candidate for governor of the State of New Jersey. He owes his victory in particular to the active support of “Colonel” House1. Elected, he launched, in barely a year, a reform of electoral laws, designating candidates by direct primary elections, in order to prevent political machinations. He quickly came to the attention of party leaders at the national level and succeeded in being nominated as the Democratic Party's candidate for the presidential election in 1912. His running mate is Thomas R. Marshall governor of Indiana whose notoriety now remains linked to this remark: “The only thing this country needs is a good cigar for 5 cents. » His electoral campaign is based on the elimination of industrial conglomerates, the creation of a federal income tax and senatorial elections by universal suffrage. He thus opposes Theodore Roosevelt who is a supporter of strong presidential power, guarantor of freedoms, while he defends competition as a factor of balance. The presidential election of 1912 is a real triangular between the candidate of the Democratic Party, the outgoing president and candidate of the Republican Party and finally Theodore Roosevelt who founded his own Progressive Party when he did not devote priority to domestic policy issues1. On April 8, he made a speech to Congress to obtain reform of customs duties. He is the first president in more than a century to address Congress in person. The law sharply reducing customs duties, increased by previous Republican governments, will be signed on October 3. On May 31, the 17th amendment to the Constitution was adopted, establishing the election of senators by direct universal suffrage. They were previously elected by the legislatures of each state. On December 23, Wilson signed the decree creating the Federal Reserve which followed the reflections initiated after the American banking panic of 1907. In foreign policy, on May 2, he signed the act of recognition of the Republic of China proclaimed in 1912 and, on August 27, refused to recognize the coup d'état in Mexico which brought General Victoriano Huerta to power without however decide on intervention by the United States. First World War April 21, 1914: Wilson orders the Navy to invade the port of Vera Cruz, Mexico. The pretext is the arrest of a few American sailors on the prowl by the Mexican authorities. Argentina, Brazil and Chile attempted mediation which proved useless after the forced resignation of President Huerta in July. US troops will withdraw from Mexico in November. August 4: The United States declares its neutrality in the conflict between Germany and Belgium, France, the United Kingdom. August 15 sees the opening of the Panama Canal. On October 14, Wilson signed major business regulation legislation. It is part of its “new freedoms” program and prohibits agreements between companies, cross-shareholdings in the same sector of activity, etc. It authorizes work stoppages, strikes and boycotts by workers. On May 7, 1915, Wilson and the American government sent a protest to Germany following the torpedoing of the RMS Lusitania, a British liner, by a German submarine and the deaths of 114 Americans among the 1,198 civilian victims. On July 29, Wilson ordered the intervention of American troops in Haiti following the assassination of President and dictator Vilbrun Guillaume Sam. On January 28, 1916, Wilson nominated Louis Brandeis, the first judge belonging to the Jewish minority, to the Supreme Court. On Mars 15, he ordered the intervention of American troops in Mexico to capture Pancho Villa who was fighting the legitimate Mexican government. The Americans did not leave Mexico until early 1917 without having succeeded in their mission. In May, Wilson ordered the intervention of American troops in the Dominican Republic to restore public order. The American occupation lasted until 1924. On June 3, Congress voted to increase the American military in response to the deterioration of relations with Germany. June 16: The Democratic Party nominates Wilson as its candidate for a second presidential term. Although the sinking of the Lusitania had led to great tension between Germany and the United States and undermined the neutrality of the latter, Wilson agreed with the opinion of his personal advisor Edward Mandell House who, considering that the great The majority of Americans were clearly opposed to any entry into war, pushing him, during the 1916 electoral campaign, to use the slogan: “Thanks to me, America stayed out of the European conflict”1. On August 25, Wilson signed the executive order creating the National Park Service. On September 3, he signed the law establishing an 8-hour day for railway workers. On November 7, Wilson was elected for a second term. Candidate Party Popular Vote % Electoral College Woodrow Wilson Democrat 9,126,300 49.2,277 Charles E. Hughes Republican 8,546,789 46.1,254 Towards the intervention Detailed article: The Viviani Joffre Mission. On February 3, 1917, faced with the violation of the rights of neutrals by Germany, Wilson broke off diplomatic relations with it. February 5: Congress overrides President Wilson's veto of laws preventing the admission of illiterate immigrants and restricting immigration from Asian countries. President Wilson asking Congress to declare war on Germany, April 2, 1917. Mars 4: Inauguration of Woodrow Wilson for a second presidential term. In his speech he recalls that the United States is neutral in the war between Germany and the other European powers but indicates that this position will probably be very difficult to maintain. Mars 19: torpedoing by a German submarine of the liner Vigilentia (after that in 1915 of the Lusitania against which the United States had vigorously protested). April 2: Wilson makes a speech to Congress requesting a declaration of war from the United States and forcing the country to sign the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty focusing primarily on the security of the Panama Canal. Intervention in Europe W. Wilson's first mandate was marked by his attitude towards the conflict that broke out in Europe, which would become the First World War. While pursuing a policy of increasing military forces to face a possible forced engagement, the United States tries to remain neutral and makes attempts at peace because At 19, he entered PRINCETON University and then began studying law. He set up as a lawyer but after a year he returned to his studies and turned to history and political science. He presented his doctoral thesis at the age of 30; an analysis in favor of greater executive power within central government which became a classic of political science studies. Influenced by British theorists like Edmond Burke, Wilson was a liberal nostalgic for the democratic purity of the early years of the Republic. He is planning a career as a history teacher but dreams of getting involved in politics. In 1902, he became president of PRINCETON University and embarked on a vast reform of the education system. Wilson is then one of the outstanding personalities of the American intellectual elites, a specialist
  • Composition: Bronze
  • Type: Medals french

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