PHILIP I the ARAB 244AD Tarsus in Cilicia Medallion Artemis Roman Coin i52743

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Item: i52743   Authentic Ancient  Coin of:

Philip  I 'the Arab' - Roman Emperor: 244-249 A.D. - Bronze Medallion 36mm (16.96 grams) of   Tarsus in Cilicia Reference: SNG Levante 1151 (this coin); SNG France 1733 AVT KAI IOV ΦIΛIΠΠON ЄVT ЄVC CЄ around, Π - Π in  field, radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right. TAPCOV THC MHTPOΠOΛEΩC AMK, Artemis standing right,  drawing arrow from quiver, Γ / B in  field to right.

You are bidding on the exact item pictured,  provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of  Authenticity.

Tarsus (Greek:  Ταρσός, Armenian : Տարսոն, Darson ) is a  historical city in  south-central Turkey , 20 km inland from Mediterranean Sea . It is part of Adana-Mersin Metropolitan Area , fourth largest metropolitan area in Turkey with a  population of 2.75 million. Tarsus is an administrative district in Mersin Province and lies in the core of Çukurova , a  geographical, economical and cultural region.

With a history going back over 9,000 years Tarsus has long been an important  stop for traders, a focal point of many civilisations including the Ancient Romans when Tarsus was capital of the province of Cilicia ,  scene of the first meeting between Mark  Antony and Cleopatra and birthplace of Saint Paul .


Artemis was one of the most widely venerated of the Ancient Greek  deities. Some scholars believe that the name, and indeed the goddess herself,  was originally pre-Greek. Homer refers to her as Artemis Agrotera, Potnia Theron < Artemis of the wildland,  Mistress of Animals". In the classical period of Greek mythology , Artemis (Greek:  (nominative) Ἄρτεμις, (genitive) Ἀρτέμιδος) was often  described as the daughter of Zeus and Leto , and the twin sister of Apollo . She was the Hellenic goddess of the  hunt, wild animals, wilderness, childbirth, virginity and young girls, bringing  and relieving disease in women; she often was depicted as a huntress carrying a  bow and arrows. The deer and the cypress were sacred to her. In later  Hellenistic times, she even assumed the ancient role of Eileithyia in aiding childbirth.

Artemis later became identified with Selene , a Titaness who was a Greek moon goddess,  sometimes depicted with a crescent moon above her head. She was also identified  with the Roman goddess Diana , with the Etruscan goddess Artume , and with the Greek or Carian goddess Hecate .


Marcus  Julius Philippus or Philippus I Arabs (c. 204-249), known in English as Philip the Arab or formerly (prior to World War II) in  English as Philip the Arabian , was a Roman  Emperor from 244 to 249.

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Little is known about Philip's early life and political  career. He was born in Shahba , about  55 miles southeast of Damascus ,  in the Roman province of Syria . Philip has the nickname "the Arab" because he had family who had  originated in the Arabian peninsula , believed to be distant descendants of the prestigious  Baleed family of Aleppo . Philip was the son of a Julius Marinus, a local Roman citizen,  possibly of some importance. Many historians[1][2][3]  agree that he was of Arab descent who gained Roman citizenship through his father, a man of considerable influence. Many  citizens from the provinces took Roman names upon acquiring citizenship. This  makes tracing his Arabic blood line difficult. However, it is documented that  Rome used the Ghassan tribe from the Azd of Yemen as vassals  to keep the neighboring northern Arabs in check.

The name of Philip's mother is unknown, but sources refer to  a brother, Gaius Julius Priscus , a member of the Praetorian guard under Gordian  III (238-244). In 234, Philip married Marcia Otacilia Severa , daughter of a Roman Governor. They had two children:  a son named Marcus Julius Philippus Severus (Philippus  II) in 238 and according to numismatic evidence they had a daughter called  Julia Severa or Severina, whom the ancient Roman sources don't mention.

Philip became a member of the Pretorian Guard during the reign of the emperor Alexander Severus , who was a Syrian. In ancient Rome the Pretorian Guard was  closely associated with the emperor, serving among other things as the emperor's  bodyguard.

 Political  career

In 243, during Gordian  III 's campaign against Shapur I of  Persia, the Praetorian prefect Timesitheus died under unclear circumstances. At the suggestion of his  brother Priscus, Philip became the new Praetorian prefect, with the intention  that the two brothers would control the young Emperor and rule the Roman world  as unofficial regents. Following a military defeat, Gordian III died in 244  under circumstances that are still debated. While some claim that Philip  conspired in his murder, other accounts (including one coming from the Persian  point of view) state that Gordian died in battle. Whatever the case, Philip  assumed the purple following Gordian's death. According to Edward Gibbon:

His rise from so obscure a station to the first dignities  of the empire seems to prove that he was a bold and able leader. But his  boldness prompted him to aspire to the throne, and his abilities were  employed to supplant, not to serve, his indulgent master.

Philip was not willing to repeat the mistakes of previous  claimants, and was aware that he had to return to Rome in order to  secure his position with the senate . He thus travelled west, after concluding a peace treaty with Shapur  I, and left his brother Priscus as extraordinary ruler of the Eastern provinces.  In Rome he was confirmed Augustus , and nominated his young son Caesar and heir.

Philip's rule started with yet another Germanic incursion on the provinces of Pannonia and the Goths invaded Moesia (modern-day Serbia and Bulgaria )  in the Danube frontier. They were finally defeated in the year 248, but the legions were not satisfied with the result, probably due to a low share of the plunder,  if any. Rebellion soon arose and Tiberius  Claudius Pacatianus was proclaimed emperor by the troops. The uprising was  crushed and Philip nominated Gaius Messius  Quintus Decius as governor of the province. Future events would prove this  to be a mistake. Pacatianus' revolt was not the only threat to his rule: in the  East, Marcus Jotapianus led another uprising in response to the oppressive rule of Priscus and the excessive taxation of the Eastern provinces. Two other  usurpers, Marcus Silbannacus and Sponsianus ,  are reported to have started rebellions without much success.

In April A.D. 248 (April 1000 A.U.C. ), Philip had the honour of leading the celebrations of the one  thousandth birthday of Rome, which according to tradition was founded in 753 BC by Romulus . He combined the anniversary with the celebration of Rome's alleged  tenth saeculum .  According to contemporary accounts, the festivities were magnificent and  included spectacular games, ludi saeculares , and theatrical presentations throughout the city. In the  coliseum, more than 1,000 gladiators were killed along with hundreds of exotic  animals including hippos, leopards, lions, giraffes, and one rhinoceros.  The events were also celebrated in literature, with several publications,  including Asinius Quadratus 's History of a Thousand Years , specially prepared  for the anniversary.

Despite the festive atmosphere, discontent in the legions was  growing. Decius (249-251) was proclaimed Emperor by the Danubian armies in the spring of 249 and  immediately marched to Rome. Philip's army met the usurper near modern Verona that summer. Decius won the battle and Philip was killed sometime in  September 249,  either in the fighting or assassinated by his own soldiers who were eager to  please the new ruler. Philip's eleven-year-old son and heir may have been killed  with his father and Priscus disappeared without a trace.

 Religious  beliefs

Further information: Philip the Arab and Christianity

Some later traditions, first mentioned in the historian Eusebius in his Ecclesiastical History , held that Philip was the first Christian Roman emperor. This tradition seems to be based on reports in  Eusebius that Philip allegedly had once entered a Christian service on Easter,  after having been required by a bishop to confess his sins. Later versions  located this event in Antioch.

However, historians generally identify the later Emperor  Constantine, baptised on his deathbed, as the first Christian emperor, and  generally describe Philip's adherence to Christianity as dubious, because  non-Christian writers do not mention the fact, and because throughout his reign,  Philip to all appearances (coinage, etc.) continued to follow the state religion .  Critics ascribe Eusebius' claim as probably due to the tolerance Philip showed  towards Christians. Saint Quirinus of Rome was, according to a legendary account, the son of  Philip the Arab.


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